Deep litter is a system for animals kept in separate stalls, loafing and bedding in wind shelters. The litter can consist of different bedding, like straw and peat. The system is allowed to build over and to ensure optimal proportions it is necessary to add new straw regularly and to have good conditions. Important conditions are aerobic state, humidity, amount of organic substance and acceptable temperatures in the litter. The micro organisms are depending on temperature for their living conditions and to get the bottom layer in the litter to start burning.

Specialarbete, 15 hpSvenska som andraspråk Vt 2011, SSA 133Handledare: Sofia Tingsell och Eva Lundin.

Studies on wild boars have shown that piglets at 10 to 12 days of age can be introduced to pigs outside the litter without fighting. In today's production systems, the litters are kept in separate pens until weaning. At that point, the litter is divided and the piglets are placed together with piglets from other litters. This usually leads to aggressions among the piglets and may cause stress. This literature review aims to find out how piglets perceive other pigs in their surroundings.

The Swedish Lapphund is one of our eleven Swedish domestic breeds of dogs and one of Sweden?s oldest dogbreeds. The Finnish Lapphund?s origin and physical conformation is similar to that of the Swedish Lapphund. One aim of this study was to examine whether the average litter size differs between these two closely related breeds, and if so, try to find causes for this.

Artificial insemination (AI) has had a great influence on the development of pig production and is today widely practiced (Gerrit et al., 2005). With AI, genetic progress can at a short period of time be spread worldwide compared with using natural service and the best boars can be intensively used. This is also one of the biggest risks with AI; the impact of semen containing a genetic disease or contamination of pathogens can be enormous. Fortunately, it is a small risk of disease transmission due to many tests of the boars and the semen before use (Maes et al, 2008). It is important that the boars used for insemination have good breeding values along with good reproduction features and have good fertility results (Robinson et al., 2005).

Peat litter is a soft material with high absorbency. About hundred years ago many farmers in Sweden used peat litter to their dairy cows. After the World War II the use of peat litter decreased and the farmers used more straw. Nowadays (year 2007), when it is harder to find straw and sawdust to buy, peat litter is advancing again. The purpose with this study is to investigate peat as a litter to dairy cows.

Artificial insemination (AI) has had a great influence on the development of pig production and is today widely practiced (Gerrit et al., 2005). With AI, genetic progress can at a short period of time be spread worldwide compared with using natural service and the best boars can be intensively used. This is also one of the biggest risks with AI; the impact of semen containing a genetic disease or contamination of pathogens can be enormous. Fortunately, it is a small risk of disease transmission due to many tests of the boars and the semen before use (Maes et al, 2008). It is important that the boars used for insemination have good breeding values along with good reproduction features and have good fertility results (Robinson et al., 2005).

I den här studien undersöks hur ett antal lärare arbetar med genrer/texttyper och om deras arbetssätt passar andraspråkselever, alltså om deras undervisning är tillräckligt tydlig för att andraspråkselever ska uppnå en genrekunskap. Den teoretiska delen av studien presenteras i form av en litteraturgenomgång om forskning kring andraspråkslevers språkutveckling och olika genrepedagogiska inriktningar. I undersökningens litteraturstudier framkom två genredefinitioner som ger två olika genrepedagogiska inriktningar, därav en lämpar sig bättre utifrån andraspråkselevers behov. Intressant är att de två olika genredefinitionerna ger lärare olika utgångspunkter vilka påverkar deras arbetssätt. Lärarnas arbetssätt utifrån genredefinition ger eleverna olika förutsättningar för hur, bland annat, språkliga och strukturella skillnader tydliggörs mellan olika genrer/texttyper, vilket den här undersökningen synliggör.

The aim of this study was to compare activity, lying down and getting up behaviour, weight gain and cleanliness in heifers in cubicles versus on deep-litter. The study was conducted from autumn of 2005 until autumn of 2006 in a commercial organic dairy herd with 340 cows. In 2005 the farm rebuilt half of the young stock accommodation from deep-litter pens to cubicles. The experiment used 150 heifers of the breeds Swedish Red, Swedish Holstein and crossbreeds between these, all born on the farm. The animals were divided into three blocks based on breed and within each block they were sorted after increasing age. The youngest heifer in each block was randomly allocated to one of two groups, cubicle or deep-litter pen.

Undersökningen gjordes i en klass tre med 26 barn och en klasslärare. Syftet med undersökningen var att se hur en lärare som inte arbetade efter en specifik genrepedagogik arbetade med genrer i en klass, då det uttryckligen står i kursplanen att alla elever skall kunna skriva och läsa olika genrer. Uppsatsen är utformad efter tre intervjuer rörande genrer samt observationer kring vad för genre de arbetade med samt i vilken utsträckning de förekom. Resultatet av intervjuerna och observationerna ställdes sedan mot teoriavsnittet och analyserades mot varandra i analysen, för att se om lärarens sätt att arbeta kring genrer stämde överens med det som forskare och teoretiker anser vara gynnande för eleverna. Resultatet av analysen visade att läraren inte ansåg att hon arbetade med genrer utan med texttyper, genrer visades i detta fall vara en synonym till hennes uppfattning av texttyper.

Inbreeding, the mating of related individuals, has been the one dominating breeding strategy for dog breeders during the last 200 years. However, its negative effects on fer-tility and other fitness traits, a phenomenon called inbreeding depression, have been ignored in the quest of perfect unity in conformation or performance. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that litter size is reduced as a consequence of in-breeding, affected by both the inbreeding coefficient of the dam and the litter and that a rapid increase in the inbreeding coefficient affects litter size more than a slower rate. Data were collected from the Swedish Kennel Club registry of origin. Breeds included in the study were the Bernese Mountain Dog, the Cocker Spaniel, the Golden Retriever, the Rottweiler and the West Highland White Terrier.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att granska ett antal gymnasieelevers genrekompetens och avgöra hur kapabla de är att placera in texter i olika genrer, samt vad som får dem att betrakta en text som tillhörig en specifik genre. Detta görs genom en tvådelad undersökning där en grupp elever ombeds genrebestämma fyra autentiska texter (en saga, ett kåseri, en skräcknovell och en nyhetsartikel) samt motivera sina val, medan ytterligare en grupp elever fritt får beskriva vad de anser som specifikt för dessa fyra genrer. Undersökningens resultat jämförs sedan med litteraturvetenskapens genredefinitioner. Av resultatet framgår att medverkande elever tycks besitta en någorlunda god kunskap i ett antal vanliga genrer. De kan med ganska stor säkerhet placera texterna i rätt genre samt beskriva vad som är specifikt för genren ifråga.

Peat litter has been used in animal houses for a long time. Because of its good ability to absorb liquid and nutrients from the manure it can create a dry surface for animals and a valuable manure product. Through changes in agricultural practises the use of peat litter has diminished and is to a great extent replaced by straw, sawdust and cutter shavings although Sweden is rich in peat-findings. The aim of this work was to summarize the presented knowledge about the used of peat litter, techniques, advantages and disadvantages and to compare with other commonly used litter materials. Articles on peat litter have been searched for in magazines, databases and books at SLU library. Visits to peat industries, interviews with peat producers and with peat researchers contributed to the material. Peat is not a uniformly material.

I detta konstnärliga kandidatarbete ska jag undersöka bakgrundskörer genom historien i fyra populärmusikaliska genrer. Dessa är countrypop, samtida R&B, Philadelphia soul och disco. Jag har valt att analysera detta för att jag vill ta reda på vilka komponenter och tillvägagångssätt som leder till ett välskrivet och stilenligt arrangemang. Syftet är också att undersöka vilka möjligheter jag har att vara konstnärlig i arrangemangsskrivandet, trots att jag kommer att arbeta inom genrernas ramar..

This project investigated how elevation and vegetation type influences variation in plant litter phenolic content and protein precipitation capacity among and within common plant species for two different vegetation types, heath and meadow, in a subarctic ecosystem in the Abisko region of northern Sweden. As nutrient availability generally decreases with increasing elevation as a result of decreasing temperature, I hypothesised that phenolic content would increase with elevation and be higher on the heath than the meadow. To test this, the total phenolic content and protein precipitation capacity was estimated in leaf litter from 13 species in both heath and meadow vegetation across an elevational gradient ranging from 500 to 1000 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) in the study region. The results showed that elevation and vegetation type both had a strong impact on both variables. Total phenolic concentrations decreased with elevation for the meadow, and were greater for the heath than the meadow.